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A JiVAlM) MEDICAL SCHOOI 

AND ITS 
C LI X I CAT, OPPORTUNITI ES 





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The 
Harvard Medical School 



AND ITS 



CLINICAL OPPORTUNITIES 



Compiled and Edited By 

LEROY E. PARKINS, A. B. 

Fourth Year H. M. S. 




BOSTON 

1916 






Copyright, 1916 

By 

LEROY E. PARKINS 



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Press of Ralph W Hadley 
708 Dudley St., Boston 

©CI.A453525 



TO 

MY MOTHER 

AND 

FRIENDS 



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By President Eliot in 1906 



"I devote these buildings and their 
successors in coming time to the teaching of 
the medical and surgical arts which combat 
disease and death, alleviate injuries, and 
defend and assure private and public 
health ; and to the pursuit of the biologi- 
cal and medical sciences, on which depends 
all progress in the medical arts and pre- 
ventive medicine." 

"I solemnly dedicate them to the 
service of individual man and of human 
society, and invoke upon them the favor of 
man and the blessing of God/' 



PREFACE 

IN presenting this small volume on the Harvard Medical 
School and the teaching hospitals of Boston the writer 

has endeavored to make it of historical interest. I have 
also given an outline of the clinical opportunities offered by 
the Harvard Medical School. There is an abundant litera- 
ture on all of the hospitals. My greatest difficulty has been 
in deciding what to omit. In writing about so many insti- 
tutions it has naturally been necessary to consult numerous 
works and interview many busy people. I wish to acknowl- 
edge most gratefully my indebtedness for all of the facts 
presented. 

In the beginning I was somewhat at loss for a title. 
President Eliot very kindly solved my difficulty by suggest- 
ing the one used. 

Dr. Edward H. Bradford, Dean of the Harvard Medical 
School, and Roger Pierce, Business Director, approved of 
the idea and gave me encouragement to undertake the task. 
Dr. Francis W. Palfrey, Secretary of the Faculty, gave un- 
sparingly of his time in reading the manuscript. I wish to 
thank him especially. Dr. Alexander S. Begg assisted me in 
procuring the data on the Graduate School of Medicine. 

The hospitals, without exception, gave me access to rec- 
ords, files of old reports, histories, etc. They also gave very 
material assistance in loaning cuts and pictures which have 
been used to illustrate the book. Drs. John J. Dowling and 
E. W. Wilson of the Boston City; Drs. Edwin A. Locke 
and Arthur J. White of the Boston Consumptives; Mr. 
Michael Davis of the Boston Dispensary; Mr. G. Loring 
Briggs of the Boston Floating; Miss Charlotte W. Dana of 
the Boston Lying-in; Sister Carolyn and the Board of 
Trustees of the Children's Hospital; Dr. William P. Graves 
and Miss H. J. Ewin of the Free Hospital for Women; Miss 
Louise M. Coleman of the House of the Good Samaritan; 
Drs. R. B. Greenough and George Leland, Jr., of the Hunting- 

7 



ton Memorial ; Miss Eleanor D. Gregg of the Infants' ; Drs. 
James J. Minot and Charles E. Donlan of the Long Island 
Hospital; Dr. Frederic A. Washburn of the Massachusetts 
General, McLean, and the Massachusetts Charitable Eye and 
Ear Infirmary; Dr. Eugene Walker of the Massachusetts 
Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary; Dr. Joseph B. Howland 
of the Massachusetts General; Dr. Herbert H. Packard of 
the McLean; Drs. Herbert B. Howard and L. H. Burlingham 
of the Peter Bent Brigham; Dr. Elmer E. Southard of the 
Psychopathic; Drs. Joel Goldthwait, R. B. McCrudden and 
Miss Mary E. L. Thrasher of the Robert B. Brigham Hos- 
pitals have all been most kind in assisting me in obtaining 
data on the respective hospitals. Dr. John W. Farlow and 
Mr. James F. Ballad of the Boston Medical Library assisted 
likewise in furnishing data on the Library. 

Mr. C. C. Lane of the Harvard University Press loaned 
the cut of the Medical School grounds. 

Mrs. G. W. Myers, Librarian of the Treadwell Library 
of the Massachusetts General Hospital, and Miss Frances 
Whitman, Librarian of the Central Library of the Harvard 
Medical School assisted me in obtaining data on various 
institutions. 

Drs. Walter C. Howe and Martin R. Edwards gave me 
valuable suggestions on the arrangement of material. Misses 
Florence Armstrong and Lida L. Tennant very kindly assisted 
in preparing some of the manuscript. 

I wish to thank Dr. Robert M. Green, Editor of the 
Boston Medical and Surgical Journal, for reading the proof 
copy. 

It is my hope that this book will be a souvenir to those 
who have known the Harvard Medical School and the Hos- 
pitals of Boston; to those who aspire to become physicians 
I hope that it will give some idea of the fine opportunities 
for study and the great field for service in this great medical 
center. 

Leroy E. Parkins. 

Harvard Medical School, November, 1916. 



TABLE OF CONTENTS 

Page 
HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL 10 

THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE 17 

BOSTON DISPENSARY, 1 796 19 

MASS. GENERAL HOSPITAL, 1811 26 

McLEAN HOSPITAL, 1811 34 

MASS. CHARITABLE EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY, 1827 37 

BOSTON LYING-IN HOSPITAL, 1832 40 

THE HOUSE OF THE GOOD SAMARITAN, 1860 43 

BOSTON CITY HOSPITAL, 1861 46 

THE CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL, 1868 51 

FREE HOSPITAL FOR WOMEN, 1875 56 

INFANTS' HOSPITAL, 1878 59 

THE BOSTON FLOATING HOSPITAL, 1894 62 

LONG ISLAND HOSPITAL, 1895 66 

HUNTINGTON MEMORIAL HOSPITAL, 1899 68 

BOSTON CONSUMPTIVES' HOSPITAL, 1906 72 

PSYCHOPATHIC HOSPITAL, 1912 75 

PETER BENT BRIGHAM HOSPITAL, 1913 78 

ROBERT B. BRIGHAM HOSPITAL, 1914..... ..85 

BOSTOxN MEDICAL LIBRARY 88 

STATISTICAL TABLE 89 



THE HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL 

/^\ N May 16, 1782, at a meeting of the President and 
Fellows of Harvard College held in Boston, a com- 
mittee was appointed to consider the establishment of 
a medical professorship. President Willard and Professor 
Wigglesworth were the committee. They reported on Sep- 
tember 19, 1782; their report gives in detail the plan for 
the establishment of a Medical Department. The report was 
adopted. Dr. John Warren, famous as a surgeon of the 
Revolution, was asked to draw up the course of study. 
Soon after this Dr. Warren was chosen Professor of Anat- 
omy and Surgery, Dr. Benjamin Waterhouse of Theory 
and Practice of Physic, and Dr. Aaron Dexter of Chemistry 
and the Materia Medica. This marked the organization of 
the Harvard Medical School, which is one of the oldest pro- 
fessional departments of the University. 

Dr. Warren was the leading spirit in creating interest in 
the establishment of a medical school in Boston. Two years 
previously he had proposed to the Boston Medical Society, 
then recently organized,* that that Society organize a medical 
school. But the proposal did not meet with favor. How- 
ever, Dr. Warren gave a course of public lectures and 
demonstrations in anatomy. Members of the senior class 
of Harvard College, who had their parents' consent, and 
others interested in the subject, attended this course. The 
authorities of the College became interested in his work. 
After the organization of the Medical School Dr. Warren 
was a zealous worker in making it a success. 

The first lectures were given in the basement of Harvard 
Hall. Hoklen Chapel, in 1783, was the first building devoted 
entirely to Medicine. The Medical School at this time was 



* (The Boston Medical Society was organized May 14, 1780, at the 
Green Dragon Tavern.) 

10 



located in Cambridge, quite remote from the clinical facilities 
of Boston. The two cities were separated by the Charles 
River and a marshy bay so that it took two hours to make 
the journey from one city to the other. A circuitous route 
was necessitated in order to cross at the Mill Dam* farther 
up the River. At present the distance is covered in seven 
minutes by subway. 

In those early days the method of hospital-teaching was 
not much in vogue ; clinics for teaching purposes were infre- 
quent. The medical student and the young graduate received 
most of their clinical experience through association with 
older physicians in private practice. It was soon felt that, 
to teach medicine thoroughly, the Medical School should be 
nearer the hospitals of Boston. In 1810, therefore, it was 
moved to a building in the neighborhood of No. 400 Wash- 
ington Street. Five years later the first Medical School build- 
ing was erected on Mason Street, near the corner of West 
Street. This building is now used by the Boston Fire De- 
partment. The school flourished in its new home where it 
continued for thirty-two years. In 1847 a larger and better 
equipped building was erected on North Grove Street, near 
the Massachusetts General Hospital. The land was donated 
by Dr. Parkman, and other benefactors provided for the 
building. The School remained here for twenty-eight years. 
An ever-increasing number of students and the rapid progress 
in the medical sciences made imperative a new building. In 
1883, accordingly, a large building was erected on the corner 
of Exeter and Boylston Streets. The builders planned for 
the future, thinking that the School would remain there for 
at least a generation or two. Some thought it was too large ; 
others complained of the distance from the city. Since horse 
cars were the means of conveyance, the latter objection was 
in a measure justifiable. The rapid growth of the city, 
however, as well as the growth of the School, made it neces- 
sary to look for a new home in less than a single generation. 
The demand for improved laboratory facilities, and for room 



* (Near the present Cottage Farm Bridge.) 

11 



to accommodate students, caused some of the leading doctors 
to originate and plan the "New Medical School Project." 
Most of the men who devoted their time and energy to this 
task are still connected with the School. The fruit of their 
labor is shown in the present stately group of marble build- 
ings on Longwood Avenue. These buildings were dedicated 
in 1906 by President Eliot in the following words : 

"I devote these buildings and their successors in coming- 
time to the teaching of the medical and surgical arts which 
combat disease and death, alleviate injuries, and defend and 
assure private and public health; and to the pursuit of the 
biological and medical sciences, on which depends all progress 
in the medical arts and in preventive medicine." 

"I solemnly dedicate them to the service of individual 
man and of human society, and invoke upon them the favor 
of men and the blessing of God." 

With keen foresight the builders of the new Harvard 
Medical School provided not only for present but for future 
needs. The capacity and equipment can be doubled without 
detracting from the beauty or outline of the group. This 
can be accomplished by building out the wings, which extend 
from the central amphitheatre in each building, to enclose the 
open court in the rear. The unit system was adopted. Each 
unit comprises a window and one-half the pier on either side. 
The only permanent walls are the outside walls and those 
along the corridors. This allows for any arrangement of the 
rooms to suit the needs of future years. 

The five buildings in this group are a magnificent addition 
to the architecture of Boston, well known as it is for its beau- 
tiful public buildings and fine schools. Equipped with the 
most modern appliances and instruments for the study of 
the medical sciences, they represent a model of efficiency in 
arrangement and management. The buildings enclose three 
sides of a court and all are connected by covered passages. 
The Administration Building (A) is at the head of the court, 
facing down Avenue Louis Pasteur, toward the Fenway and 
the city of Boston. One-half of the ground floor is occupied 
by the Central Library. The main room is of unusual de- 

12 



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sign, and is artistically decorated. It is known as the Charles 
B. Porter Hall, in memory of the late Charles Burnham 
Porter, M. D.* who was Clinical Professor of Surgery in the 
Medical School from 1887 to 1903. Including the branches 
in the laboratory buildings, the library contains over 28,000 
volumes and 49,000 pamphlets. The balance of the ground 
floor is used by the administration offices. The students' 
room, lecture rooms, and amphitheater occupy the second 
floor. The three floors above constitute the home of the 
Warren Museum, which contains one of the finest collections 
of normal and abnormal anatomy, corrosion preparations, 
papier mache models, etc., in the country. The collection 
was begun in 1799 by Dr. John C. Warren, who was a student 
in London at the time. When the North Grove Street build- 
ing was completed he presented the collection, with a fund 
for its maintenance, to the School. Its growth has kept pace 
with the School until at present it contains about 11,000 speci- 
mens. The great room is lighted by many side windows and 
the expanse of glass roof. Graceful columns on four sides 
support the upper balconies so that a pleasing setting is made 
for this wonderful treasure. It is useful as a teaching 
collection and is well endowed to provide for future growth. 
From the Administration Building looking toward the 
open side of the court the several laboratories of the different 
departments are grouped as follows. First to the right is 
building B, devoted to anatomy, comparative anatomy, histol- 
ogy, and embryology. Just beyond is D, which contains 
pathology, bacteriology, neuropathology, surgical pathology, 
and the State Wassermann laboratories. Across the court and 
first on the left is C, which houses the departments of physi- 
ology and biological chemistry. Next beyond is E, contain- 
ing the departments of pharmoeology, preventive medicine, 
hygiene, and experimental surgery. In each of B, C, D, and 
E are departmental libraries. Each of the four buildings 
comprises two wings connected by a central amphitheater, 
easy of access from either side. The laboratories are cspe- 



* Died, 1909. 

14 



daily arranged and equipped to facilitate the work of students 
and professors. The lighting is all from outside windows. 

Three of the buildings are the gift of Mr. J. Pierpont 
Morgan, one is the gift of Mr. David Sears, and one the 
gift of Mrs. Collis P. Huntington. Other friends of the 
institution have contributed liberally. Mr. John D. Rocke- 
feller gave one million dollars for endowment. The cost of 
the buildings was about three million dollars. 

The clinical facilities of any medical school are equal in 
importance to the laboratories. The Harvard Medical School 
is especially fortunate in this regard. The development and 
history of the Massachusetts General Hospital is closely asso- 
ciated with that of the School. The Boston City Hospital 
since its beginning has been in most cordial relation with the 
School. The Peter Bent Brigham, Infants', Children's, House 
of the Good Samaritan, Huntington Memorial Hospitals, and 
the Laboratory for Research in Nutrition of the Carnegie 
Institution occupy land which was a part of the twenty-seven 
acre tract purchased by the School. These six institutions, 
and the Medical School, form a group unique in their activi- 
ties and in their usefulness to the medical world and to 
humanity. These, together with the Boston Consumptives', 
Boston Dispensary, Boston Floating, Boston Lying-in, Free 
Hospital for Women, Long Island, Massachusetts Charitable 
Eye and Ear Infirmary, McLean, Psychopathic, and the Rob- 
ert B. Brigham Hospitals, all within easy access to the School, 
comprise an almost unlimited clinic. 



16 



THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF MEDICINE OF 
THE HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL 

T?OR many years graduate teaching was carried on at the 
■*• Harvard Medical School in an informal way. Students 
were encouraged to carry their studies beyond the regular 
curriculum prescribed for the degree of Doctor of Medicine. 
Graduates were offered opportunities to undertake research. 
Thus considerable interest was aroused in graduate instruction. 

On November 29, 1872, the Faculty approved a plan for 
the establishment of "a special course for physicians." This 
course of study was announced in the official catalogue of the 
University. The purpose of this course was to give physi- 
cians opportunity to do more extensive work in laboratories 
and clinics than they had had opportunity or leisure to do 
before. 

The programme included courses in Physiology, Medical 
Chemistry, Pathological Anatomy, Surgery, Laryngology, 
Opthalomology, etc., including practically all branches of 
medicine. Thus a comprehensive plan was adopted from the 
first. 

In 1911, on recommendation of the Faculty of Medicine, 
the Graduate School of Medicine was formally organized, 
with a separate Dean and Administrative Board. The new 
organization took charge the following year. From four stu- 
dents in 1872, the attendance of the Graduate Department has 
increased to over five hundred during the past year. 

Thus the Harvard Medical School not only educates men 
to become physicians, but continues to offer them opportunity 
to keep up with advances made in the various fields of 
medicine. 

17 




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THE BOSTON DISPENSARY 
By Michael Davis, Medical Director. 

IN September 1796, seventy-eight citizens of Boston 
subscribed their names to an agreement establishing, 

for the sick poor of the City, The Boston Dispensary, 
thus the oldest medical institution in the Commonwealth, and 
the third oldest in the United States. The names of those 
who signed the parchment, which hangs today in the office of 
the Dispensary, includes some of the leading men of the time 
— Samuel Adams, of Revolutionary fame among them. 

The early plan of the institution was simply that of a 
drug store located on Washington Street, about where 
Thompson's Spa is today. Here medicines were dispensed on 
the prescriptions written by the physician of the Dispensary. 
The first year, Dr. John Fleet treated eighty patients. Boston 
being a town of 20,000 population, this was one for every 
two hundred and fifty inhabitants. At the present time, in 
a city of three quarters of a million, about 32,000 of the 
residents are annually treated, or one in every twenty-three. 

In the early days of the Dispensary every subscriber of 
$5. was furnished with cards which he could give to "deserv- 
ing poor" of his acquaintance, who, on presentation of these 
cards at the Dispensary, could secure the services of the physi- 
cian gratis. The physician treated them at their homes, but 
as time went on the work grew and the staff was increased to 
two, three, and four physicians. The physicians began to see 
the patients at the Dispensary itself, and sometimes at their 
own offices. The system of requiring that the patient should 
present a card from a subscriber became inconvenient as 
Boston advanced from a town to a modern city, so that we 
find Dr. Oliver Wendell Holmes, who served as a District 
Physician for the Dispensary in 1837, writing a characteristi- 
cally clear and interesting letter to the Board of Managers in 
that year, urging that the old plan be abolished and that a 

19 



clinic be provided "to which such patients as can safely and 
conveniently leave their own residences shall be expected to 
resort for advice." The Board of Managers of the Dis- 
pensary did, in fact, follow the suggestion of Dr. Holmes, 
and in 1856 the Dispensary clinics, as we now know them, 
began, and the institution moved to its present site at the 
corner of Ash and Bennet Streets. It then occupied a small 
building, which was torn down in 1883 and replaced by a 
larger structure, and this in turn has been four times increased 
since then. 

The Dispensary, from this time, maintained its two main 
lines of work — the Out-Patient Clinics which grew steadily 
in variety as well as in size, and the District Work, or treat- 
ment of sick poor in their homes. Boston has remained one 
of the few cities in the United States, which does not pro- 
vide, through the municipality, any treatment for the sick 
poor in their own homes. The early establishment of the 
Boston Dispensary and the efficient service rendered through 
four generations by its District Physicians is doubtless the 
reason for this unique situation. 

In 1912 a further addition was made to the Dispensary, 
through the establishment of a Hospital for Children, founded 
on the occasion of a gift of property from the Tyler Street 
Day Nursery. 

This Hospital for Children, with twenty-five beds, and 
the Nurse's Home, which was fitted up in buildings adjacent 
to the main Dispensary, has furnished an important addition 
of value, both to the children of the City and to the teaching 
and medical service of the Harvard Medical School. 

Also in very recent years, has grown up the Social Service 
Department of the Dispensary, which has permeated all de- 
partments of the institution, and which has greatly enhanced 
the value of its service to patients. The Dispensary is recog- 
nized as one of the leaders in this sort of work in the United 
States. 

The interesting history of the Boston Dispensary, touching 
as it does many names of social interest, and the chief figures 
in the local medical history for three generations, has been 

20 



( This letter of Dr Oliver Wendell Holmes was read before the Board of Maaagers 
of the Dispensary on fanuary \3th, 1837. Dr. Holmes was appointed District 
Physician in that year.) 




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told in a volume published in 1859 by Dr. William R. Law- 
rence, and again in a centennial volume prepared by Dr. 
Robert W. Greenleaf in 1897. A few of the many letters and 
documents of historical interest, in the possession of the 
Dispensary, are reproduced herewith. 

Present work of the Dispensary: (a) The Hospital for 
Children. — This includes 25 beds, mostly for medical cases, 
of babies and children up to 12 years of age. As the cases 
are selected from a large clinic, a wide variety are • seen. 
Seven thousand seven hundred twelve hospital days' service 
were given last year to 182 babies under two years of age, 
and 146 children from two to twelve years, (b) The Out- 
Patient Department : 24,676 patients. — Certain clinics, includ- 
ing dental, throat and ear, are open evenings, with salaried 
medical staff and fees from patients designed to cover the cost 
of the service ; these evening clinics being intended for work- 
ing people of small means. Over one thousand availed them- 
selves of this opportunity last year. The total number of 
visits to all out-patient departments was 122,776. A total of 
6,884 were treated in their homes. 

Facilities Afforded Medical Students 

These are briefly as follows : The chief of the Children's 
Medical Department, who is also in charge of the hospital, 
is nominated to the Dispensary Board of Managers by the 
Harvard Medical School. This department, including the 
hospital with its twenty-five beds for babies and children up 
to 12 years, and the Out- Patient Department receiving some 
15,000 visits a year of medical cases up to 16 years of age, 
are open both to graduate and under- graduate students. The 
Laboratory and the X-Ray Department of ihe Dispensary are 
adequately equipped for clinical diagnosis. The opportunities 
for graduate students are exceptionally good. 

The organization adopted in the clinics of the Dispensary 
enables patients to be followed continuously in most instances, 
so that the treatment of chronic as well as of acute diseases 
can be studied to advantage. In the Hospital for Children 
the Follow-up system is carried still further, after-care being 

22 



{Dr. Bigelow was a District Physician of the Dispensary from 1811 to 1814 and 
Consulting- Physician from 1858 to 1867. This letter was written in September, 1836, ^ 



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23 



given or arranged for each child for at least one year, reports 
as to condition being recorded at the end of three months, 
and again at the end of twelve months after discharge. Much 
more satisfactory checking- up of results, both in out-patient 
and in wards, is thus possible. 

Four of the eight District Physicians, who treat patients 
in their homes, are at present on Harvard Fellowships, ap- 
pointed jointly by the Harvard Medical School and the 
Boston Dispensary. Some of these Fellows are assigned one 
or two students, who go with them into the homes, thus 
affording an opportunity for the student to see cases under 
the actual conditions of medical practice. These Fellowships 
receive a stipend of $500, and are much sought after. A 
special opportunity is open to graduate physicians who desire 
to take the degree of Doctor of Public Health, or to pursue 
the course at the School for Health Officers. Such may be 
awarded a Fellowship with a stipend of $750, giving their 
full time, half to the District and half to study. The year's 
course for the degree or certificate may be completed in two 
years on this basis. 



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THE MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL. 

\T O hospital has finer traditions, nor more interesting 
*- ^ history, than the Massachusetts General Hospital. Its 
achievements and discoveries are known throughout 
the world. The events leading up to its establishment are a 
part of the history of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. 
Today it ranks with the most progressive and scientific 
hospitals of its kind. 

A few facts have been gathered from a history of the 
Hospital by Mr. Nathaniel Ingersoll Bowditch, who was a 
trustee of the Institution from 1837 to 1856. On November 
12, 1798, Thomas Boylston, Esq., bequeathed a sum of money 
for the establishment of a small-pox hospital and a hospital 
for the insane. Unfortunately the testator of the will was 
a member of London firm which became insolvent, so that 
the funds were lost. In 1797, Hon. William Phillips be- 
queathed $5,000. for the same purpose. This fund became 
available in 1804. 

For several years plans were discussed, among laymen 
and doctors, as to the best way to raise sufficient money to 
erect a hospital. Drs. James Jackson and John C. Warren 
were the leaders of a movement actually to raise the funds. 
In August, 1810, they prepared a circular letter, which was 
addressed to several of Boston's "wealthiest and most influ- 
ential citizens." This letter pointed out clearly the urgent 
need for the establishment of a hospital to care for the indi- 
gent sick and insane of the Commonwealth. Appeal was 
made for funds for this worthy purpose. The letter met with 
a sympathetic response. Immediately plans were made to 
secure articles of incorporation for such an institution. 

In February, 1811, the State Legislature granted articles 
of incorporation to "James Bowdoin and fifty-five others of 

26 



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the most distinguished inhabitants of the various towns of the 
Commonwealth, by the name of the Massachusetts General 
Hospital." The Governor, Lieutenant Governor, President 
of the Senate, Speaker of the House, and the Chaplains of 
both Houses were constituted a board of visitors. Twelve 
trustees were appointed, four of whom were chosen by the 
visitors. 

The State made a grant of the "Province-house Estate," 
on Washington Street, valued at $20,000. All money to be 
realized from the sale, or rental, of this estate was to belong 
to the Hospital, provided that an additional sum of $100,000 
should be raised by subscription within five years. A further 
term of five years was later allowed, and finally after further 
legislative enactments the Estate passed into the hands of 
the Hospital. It was leased in 1817 to David Greenough, 
Esq. for ninety-nine years and has again come into the pos- 
esssion of the Hospital during the current year (1916). 

Messrs. Barnard and Higginson were appointed to select 
a site for the proposed hospital. After considering many lo- 
cations, the Jay estate in Charlestown and a tract of land 
west of the almshouse (Leverett Street) were purchased. 
The Asylum was to be erected in Charlestown and the Hos- 
pital on the land west of the almshouse. 

In 1816 committees were organized in Boston, Salem, 
Beverly, New Bedford, Plymouth, Charlestown, Medford, 
Cambridge, Roxbury, and Newburyport to solicit funds. 
They began the campaign December 26, 1816. In three days 
the subscriptions amounted to $78,802. On January 5, 1817, 
the amount was $93,969. About this time William Phillips 
increased his father's legacy from $5,000 to $20,000. This 
gave everyone a renewed interest and the final amount sub- 
scribed was $140,000. 

The corporation employed Mr. Charles Bulfinch to visit 
hospitals in New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore. A re- 
ward of one hundred dollars was offered for a plan for the 
hospital. Mr. Bulfinch's plan, slightly modified by the com- 
mittee, was awarded the premium. It was decided to use 
granite for the building material. On June 12, 1817, the 

28 



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legislature provided that the stone should be hammered and 
fitted for use by. the convicts in the State Prison. (The 
estimate on the work is $30,000.) 

Steps were taken immediately to have the Hospital erected. 
The treasurer, Mr. Pierce, and Messrs. May and Francis were 
appointed to make arrangements for the laying of the corner- 
stone on July 4, 1818. A great crowd gathered on that day 
to witness the ceremony. Several coins and a silver plate, 
bearing an appropriate inscription were placed under the 
corner-stone. It was laid in Masonic form by the Grand 
Lodge of Massachusetts. Mr. Josiah Quincy made a speech 
eminently fitting to the occasion. "It was a great day," as 
someone present expressed it. The first patient was admitted 
to the Hospital on September 3, 1821. 

In 1880 a provision was made for the establishment of a 
Convalescent Home on the Hospital's estate in Waverley. 
This has proved to be a very necessary adjunct to the Hos- 
pital. The Home has a pleasant location and everything 
about it helps to bring the convalescent patient back to normal 
health. Plans are now under consideration for a Country 
Branch, near the Convalescent Home, which shall provide 
accommodations for bed patients. 

The clinical work of the Hospital is comprehensive. It 
covers practically every department in medicine, except con- 
tagious diseases and obstetrics. There are 158 doctors on the 
staff, many of whom are instructors in the Harvard Medical 
School. There are 28 house officers. The caoacity of the 
Hospital is 334 beds. During the past year 2,793 patients 
were treated in the medical wards ; 4,0,36 in the surgical 
wards; and 29,213 in the Out-patient department. Over 
190,000 visits were made to the latter department. Sections 
of the second, third, and fourth-year classes of the Harvard 
Medical School receive instruction in the various departments. 

Notable among the achievements of the Hospitals may be 
mentioned the use of sulphuric ether for surgical anaesthesia. 
The first public demonstration of this was given in the Hos- 
pital Amphitheatre in October, 1846, at which time the anaes- 
thetic was administered by its discoverer, Mr. W. T. G. 

30 



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Morton. The following inscription is copied from the wall 
of the famous old room: 

"On October 16, 1846, in this room, then the operating 
theatre of the hospital, was given the first public demonstra- 
tion of anaesthesia to the extent of producing insensibility to 
pain during a serious surgical operation. Sulphuric ether was 
administered by William Thomas Green Morton, a Boston 
dentist. The patient was Gilbert Abbot. The operation was 
the removal of a tumor under the jaw. The surgeon was 
John Collins Warren. The patient declared that he had felt 
no pain during the operation, and was discharged well De- 
cember 7. Knowledge of this discovery spread from this 
room throughout the civilized world and a new era for sur- 
gery began." The anniversary of this event is fittingly ob- 
served on the sixteenth of October each year. 

Other important contributions to medical science have 
been : Dr. Henry J. Bigelow's ingenious treatment of vesical 
calculus by litholapaxy, and his method of reducing the dis- 
location of the hip joint. Dr. Bigelow was Visiting Surgeon 
at the Hospital from 1876 to 1885. Also, by Dr. Reginald 
Heber Fitz, an investigation of the inflammations in the region 
of the caecum, the results of which demonstrated the existence 
of the disease appendicitis, and eventually led to its surgical 
treatment. These results were published in 1886. 

The Massachusetts General Hospital has always been pro- 
gressive in the adoption of better methods of treatment. Ex- 
tensive research is carried on by the various members of the 
staff. From the beginning the Hospital has maintained high 
standards. The accommodations have increased from time 
to time. Just now extensive additions are being made. The 
Moseley Memorial Building for administrative offices, for the 
accommodation of the large medical library and the valuable 
clinical records, and for other purposes, as well as the new 
private ward of eight floors, will add much to its capacity and 
efficiency. The Hospital is in truth a Massachusetts institu- 
tion, though patients are received there from all parts of the 
country. 

32 




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Mclean hospital 

^ HE Charter of the Massachusetts General Hospital, 
-** granted by the Legislature in 1811, provided for a 
hospital for persons ill with mental diseases. When 
funds were subscribed for the Hospital $43,997.47 were 
designated to be used for the Asylum. The need for this 
branch of the Hospital was considered urgent. Plans were 
made at once to provide accommodations for patients. In 
December, 1816, the Joy or Barrell estate (known also as 
Popular Grove and Cobble Hill), at Charlestown was bought 
for $15,650. This estate contained eighteen acres. Here on 
Cobble Hill stood an old colonial mansion, which, enlarged 
and altered, was used for administration offices for seventy- 
seyen years. In 1817 three two-story brick houses, which 
accommodated thirty patients each, were built adjacent to the 
mansion. The first patient was admitted October 6, 1818, — 
a young man whose father thought him possessed with a 
devil. After much deliberation he was admitted. It is re- 
corded that he made a complete recovery. 

The Charlestown branch of the Massachusetts General 
Hospital was known simply as the "Asylum" up to 1826. In 
that year, through the bequest of John McLean, together with 
other available funds, extensive improvements were made at 
the Asylum. The corporation, desirous of perpetuating the 
memory of this benefactor, recommended that the name of 
the Asylum be changed to the "McLean Asylum for the 
Insane," as a testimonial of their gratitude. It continued 
under this name until 1892, when it was re-christened McLean 
Hospital. 

The McLean Hospital has always been noted for its kind 
and sympathetic treatment of the mentally ill. It was among 
the first to adopt recreation, diversion, and other wise policies 
in the treatment of the insane. 

34 



The Hospital was moved to Waverley in 1895, where it 
has an estate of three hundred and seventeen acres on the 
southwestern extremity of the Arlington Heights range. It 
commands a beautiful and extended view to the south and 
west over the Charles River valley. To the west is Newton, 
and beyond are the Newton and Weston Hills. To the east, 
over Belmont, are Cambridge and Boston. The location and 
environment are ideal for the treatment of mental diseases. 

There are nine doctors on the staff. The capacity of the 
Hospital is 220 patients. Last year 123 new cases were ad- 
mitted ; the total number treated was 338. The clinical work 
of the hospital covers most types of mental disease. The 
cottage plan is used ; some are built to accommodate one 
patient, others have a larger capacity. This facilitates the 
classification of the various types. The McLean Hospital was 
the first institution in New England for the treatment of men- 
tal disease. Its work has been satisfactory in every way and 
it has added much to the knowledge of this difficult branch of 
medicine. 



35 



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THE MASSACHUSETTS CHARITABLE EYE AND 

EAR INFIRMARY 

/ "T~ -V HE Massachusetts Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary 
•*- was founded in 1824 by Drs. John Jeffries and Edward 
Reynolds, one of whom had the happiness of restoring 
sight to his father by an operation for cataract. Soon after 
this, numbers of ophthalmic patients came to him for treat- 
ment. Most of the patients were poor and of the laboring 
class. It revealed the fact that they are peculiarly liable to 
ophthalmic disease. The two doctors hired a room in the 
Scollay Building, where a free ophthalmic clinic was opened. 
After this clinic had continued sixteen months their good work 
was reported in a public meeting. Following this, Mr. Lucius 
Manlius Sargent took special interest in raising funds to pro- 
vide better accommodations. Accordingly, on February 23, 
1827, the Institution was formally organized and incorpo- 
rated under the title of the Massachusetts Charitable Eye and 
Ear Infirmary. 

As the clinic continued it had to move several times to 
provide more spacious accommodations. It was located suc- 
cessively on Tremont, Summer, Green and Charles Streets. 
In 1896 the number of patients showed that larger and better 
accommodations were necessary. The State Legislature made 
an appropriation of $100,000. which, together with private 
subscriptions, provided for a new Hospital. 

In 1898 the present . four-story brick building was erected 
on the corner of Charles and Fruit Streets. The Hospital 
has a capacity of 215 beds. Last vear there were 3,646 cases 
admitted to the wards and 67,626 visits were made to the Out- 
patient department. There are fifty-six doctors on the staff, 
a number of whom are instructors in the Harvard Medical 
School. Eight house officers are in constant service at the 

37 



Hospital. Students in the advanced classes of the Medical 
School receive instruction in the wards and in the Out-patient 
department 

The Massachusetts Charitable Eye and Ear Infirmary is 
one of the oldest and best institutions of its kind. Its service 
to the community and to the medical world are not duplicated. 
It was started as a private philanthropy and has become State- 
wide in its activities. 



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BOSTON LYING-IN HOSPITAL 

^P HE Boston Lying-in Hospital is numbered among the 
-*■ oldest of Boston's charities, having been organized and 
incorporated in 1832. The work at first was not 
extensive. In 1853, a building, very large for the time, was 
erected on Springfield Street. Since this early project did not 
meet with financial success, the institution did not continue 
long in operation. In later years it became the Home for 
Aged Men. The previous incorporation, however, remained 
intact, and in 1873 new interest was aroused, which resulted 
in the erection of the present building at 24 McLean Street. 
This location has easy access to the North and West Ends. 
In 1887, the Branch of the Boston Lying-in Hospital was 
opened at 174 Harrison Avenue, to facilitate the work of 
caring for the out-patients in the South End. 

The purpose of the hospital up to the present time has 
been to care for poor and deserving women. Since re-opening 
in 1873, the number of confinement cases treated in the 
Hospital has been 22,581 ; and 45,386 cases have been 
attended in their homes. 

The present accommodations are really inadequate to meet 
the needs of the city with its three-quarter million population. 
However, this difficulty will soon be overcome, as a new site 
has been purchased on Avenue Louis Pasteur on the corner 
opposite the Harvard Medical School, where it is proposed to 
erect a fine modern Lying-in Hospital. Already, three-fifths 
of the necessary money has been subscribed. The building 
committee hopes to begin active work toward its construction 
in the near future. The new Lying-in Hospital will not only 
be a charitable clinic, but will have semi-private wards and 
private rooms to accommodate patients who desire the advan- 
tages of, and can afford to pay for hospital care. This will 
fill a need not fully met in the city at the present time. 

40 



The Hospital also has two Pregnancy Clinics ; one at 
4 McLean Street, the other at 174 Harrison Avenue. The 
latter has been opened just recently. These two departments 
are under the direct supervision of the physicians to out- 
patients. Last year over one thousand patients were treated 
in these clinics. The good results are shown in the decreased 
number of difficult operations during labor; conditions ne- 
cessitating such operations are discovered early in pregnancy, 
and are met by proper treatment. 

There are nineteen doctors on the medical staff, all of 
whom are, or formerly were, on the teaching staff of the 
Harvard Medical School. This at once insures the best treat- 
ment for the patient ; also a first-class teaching clinic is possi- 
ble through their efforts. The Alumni Association of the 
Harvard Medical School maintains an Alumni Assistant in 
Obstetrics, who instructs the externes in the care of the out- 
patients. The externes profit by this arrangement and are 
grateful for this very practical instruction. Four house- 
physicians and eight externes are in constant service at the 
hospital and the South End Branch. The house physicians 
are appointed for a term of six months; the externes, who 
are appointed from the advanced classes of the Medical 
School, have a service of two weeks. They assist the house 
physicians in caring for the out-patients. 

Last year nine hundred twenty- four patients were cared 
for in the Hospital, with a very low mortality. In the out- 
patient department practically two thousand patients were at- 
tended without a single death of the mother. Three hundred 
thirty-eight Caesarean Section operations were performed last 
year. Still the demand is greater than can be met, but with 
the coming new Hospital, the work will be made more effi- 
cient, and more people can be served. Of the babies born in 
Boston last year, 14% were born to patients of this Hospital. 
Also a large proportion of the total number of babies born 
were under the care of physicians and nurses who received 
their training in the Boston Lying-in Hospital. This' gives 
both the laymen and the profession a very close interest in 
the welfare of this institution. 

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THE HOUSE OF THE GOOD SAMARITAN 

T? ARLY in the year 1860, Miss Anne Smith Robbins 
-■— ' .presented the plan for the House of the Good 
Samaritan to Dr. H. J. Bigelow. He and other 
leaders among Boston physicians approved the plan, which 
was to provide a small hospital to care for indigent sick, 
adults and children, who had diseases requiring a long period 
for recovery, or were incurable. This marked the first at- 
tempt in this country to provide hospital care for chronic 
and incurable diseases. 

Miss Robbins was peculiarly fitted for this work. She 
had been raised by indulgent parents. But owing to a 
strange turn of fate she was left almost penniless at their 
death. She was compelled to live in boarding houses, where 
she came to know the sad plight of poor women who had 
incurable diseases. They could not be admitted to any exist- 
ing hospital. • The large hospitals were for accidents and 
acute diseases. She was a lady of fine training and deep 
sympathies, so she pondered over these conditions. 

Later, the estate of an aunt was settled in her favor. 
This provided a comfortable living for her and she began to 
formulate plans for the House of the Good Samaritan. Her 
idea was to take those "whom others pass by." 

The first location of the Hospital was at 4 McLean 
Street. Miss Robbins went to live in the Hospital. She 
felt that good cheer and personal sympathy should be a part 
of the treatment. Only a few patients could be accommo- 
dated at first. Plans were made to build a larger hospital. In 
1905 the present Hospital, at the corner of Binney and 
Francis Streets, was opened. It was the first of the group 
of hospitals around the Harvard Medical School to receive 
patients. 

43 



At first most of the cases were patients in the advanced 
stages of tuberculosis. As the State has, to a large extent, 
taken over the care of this class, the proportion has decreased, 
although there are always a number of tuberculosis patients 
in the wards. The Hospital is planning to provide more 
room so that it can accommodate more cases of incurable 
cancer. The House of the Good Samaritan enjoys the dis- 
tinction of having the first Orthopedic Clinic in this country. 
It still maintains this department. Last year forty-eight or- 
thopedic cases were treated. The total number of patients 
treated in the wards during the year was 211; 165 were 
treated in the Out-patient department. The clinical material 
of the hospital is used for teaching purposes by the Harvard 
Medical School. There are thirteen doctors on the staff, most 
of whom are professors, or instructors, in the Medical 
School. Founded on the highest ideals the House of the 
Good Samaritan continues to be all that its name implies. 






44 



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BOSTON CITY HOSPITAL, 1864 

BOSTON CITY HOSPITAL 

HP" HE early history of the Boston City Hospital is 
-*- interesting in that it was built during the Civil War 
when many issues held the mind of the people. It 
was contemplated for several years before being built. As 
early as 1849, the Boston Common Council appointed a com- 
mittee to consider the question of establishing a City Hospital. 
The Committee reported favorably, but no action was taken by 
the Council. They spoke very favorably of the Massachusetts 
General Hospital and its work, but owing to the rapidly in- 
creasing population it was evident it could not care for all of 
Boston's sick. Nothing further was done by the council until 
1856. In that year petitions signed by physicians and citi- 
zens, together with Mayor Alexander's inaugural address, 
aroused the council to take action. Another committee was 
set to work. After thorough investigation, they reported that 
it was the universal opinion that a City Hospital should be 
established. Accordingly, the Common Council authorized 
the establishment of a City Hospital. 

It was found that the Boston Lying-in Hospital on 
Springfield Street could be bought at less than its original 
cost. The City Council thought it a bargain at $45,000. An 
objection was raised by some of the tax-payers who contended 
that the hospital might tend to spread disease in the South 
End. Also it was held by some that it might decrease land 
values. The property owners caused a special statute to be 

46 



passed by the State Legislature authorizing the City Council 
to build a City Hospital, but the site could not be within three 
hundred feet of a school house or church. In view of the 
fact that the hospital had been authorized four months previ- 
ously the statute seems superfluous — but the location clause 
put the Boston Lying-in Hospital out of the question. It 
adjoined a school house. (This property is now the Home 
for Aged Men.) This killed the interest in the. contemplated 
City Hospital. 

Two years later, Mayor Rice revived the interest in a 
Free City Hospital. At this time the Boston Dispensary and 
the Boston Lying-in Hospital considered uniting with the 
City's interest to form one large general hospital. But the 
City had no funds, and not much interest was taken in the 
plans by the two existing institutions, so this plan was 
dropped. At this time aid came from the bequest of one of 
Boston's citizens. By the terms of the will of Elisha Good- 
now a considerable fund was left to the City to build a Free 
City Hospital. With this aid, in 1861, the City Council 
authorized the building of a hospital on Harrison Avenue, at 
a cost not to exceed $100,000. A little more than two years 
were required in building. It is interesting to know that the 
cost was twice the estimate. The Hospital was dedicated 
May 24, 1864. It is much to the credit of the City to have 
built such a hospital during the most trying period in the 
history of the country. 

The small cut at the beginning of this chapter shows the 
original City Hospital. These buildings still form the central 
portion of the group on Harrison Avenue. The entire hos- 
pital now occupies buildings covering space many times larger 
than the original site. 

Across Massachusetts Avenue is the South Department 
wdiere separate pavillions are provided for scarlet fever, 
measles, and diphtheria. This is a complete hospital for the 
isolation and treatment of these infectious diseases. The 
house officers, resident physician, and nurses live here while 
on duty. The admissions for the past five vears have aver- 
aged 2,453 per year. The good work of the South Depart- 

47 



ment in preventing the spread of acute infectious diseases is 
a blessing indeed, and yearly it is the means of saving hun- 
dreds of lives. The work of the South Department will 
eventually all be taken over by the new West Department. 
The South Department will then be used as a part of the 
General Hospital. 

The West Department is the newest addition to the ever- 
growing City Hospital. It is located in the suburbs, on 
Spring Street, West Roxbury. It will be used for the acute 
infectious diseases which are now cared for by the South 
Department. There are fifty-three acres in the grounds. The 
capacity at present is one hundred seventy patients, and there 
is room for expansion to meet any demands of the future. 
The extensive grounds with their natural beauty, and the 
quiet cheerful atmosphere of the whole institution, are real 
factors in combating any illness. The opening of this depart- 
ment marks a new milestone in the progress and development 
of the City Hospital. 

The hospital maintains a convalescent home in Dorchester 
at the edge of the city. In 1889, the City bought the Judge 
Churchill estate of fifteen acres and with slight remodeling 
of the old mansion it was transformed into this very useful 
part of the hospital. There are accommodations for thirty- 
four patients, about two-thirds that number is the daily aver- 
age. The Home has its own garden, hennery, and small dairy. 
These help to supply the patients with good food, which 
is a great aid in bringing them back to normal health. Only 
women and children are provided for at the present time, 
but there is ample room for other buildings. It is the plan 
that sometime in the future a similar home may be established 
for men. 

Two Relief Stations are maintained by the hospital. The 
oldest of these, the Haymarket Square Relief Station, was 
opened in 1901. The site was formerly occupied by the old 
Boston and Maine depot. Located in the North End it is in 
the heart of the industrial section of the city. It is near rail- 
road terminals, wharves, and close to hundreds of factories. 
Over 32,000 cases were treated here last year. Two wards 

48 



of twenty-three beds take care of any cases unable to be 
removed. Emergency cases of every description come to this 
Station in the course of a year. Two resident physicians, 
three house officers, and four surgical dressers constitute the 
medical corps. Equipped with two ambulances, modern oper- 
ating, and dressing rooms they are prepared to meet emer- 
gency calls in the North End. 

The East Boston Relief Station, 14 Porter Street, off 
Central Square, was opened in 190,8. East Boston covers an 
island in Boston Harbor. Over 70,000 people live in this 
section. The building is not quite as large as the Haymarket 
Square station, although the equipment is very much the 
same. There is no other hospital on the island so an Out- 
patient Department is maintained in connection with the 
emergency work. Last year, 16,000 emergency cases were 
treated and 36,000 treatments were given in the Out-patient 
Deoartment. Ferry and tunnel connect the island with the 
mainland so that where it is possible all cases for major 
operations or prolonged treatment are referred to the main 
hospital. 

The work carried on by the City Hospital is vast and one 
hardly aopreciates its magnitude. A few figures give some 
idea of the work. The value of the plant is $3,894,000. Last 
year $725,045 were spent for maintainence : 19,923 cases 
were admitted to the wards. There was a daily average of 
867 patients in the various wards: 85,805 patients visited 
the out-patient clinics in the various departments. Every 
department of medicine and all of the soecialties are repre- 
sented. One hundred thirteen doctors are on the staff, many 
of whom are teachers in the Harvard Medical School. Sec- 
tions in several courses at the Harvard Medical School are 
assigned to assist in the out-patient departments and in the 
wards. Research is carried on in manv of the departments. 
Opportunity is offered any medical student or physician to 
learn about and to help care for the sick. 



49 




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THE CHILDREN'S HOSPITAL 

ON December 9th, 1868, six gentlemen met at the home 
of Francis H. Brown, M. D., to discuss plans for building 
and financing a hospital for children. They were Rev- 
erend Chandler Robbins, D. D., George H. Kuhn, J. Hunt- 
ington Wolcott, William Ingalls, M. D., S. G. Webber, M. D., 
and Dr. Brown. Their efforts resulted in the establishment 
of the Children's Hospital, which was incorporated March 
22nd, 1869. The objects of the Hospital as set forth in the 
articles of incorporation were: 

1. The medical and surgical treatment of the diseases of 
children. 

2. The attainment and diffusion of knowledge regarding 
the diseases incident to childhood. 

3. A system of voluntary nursing, including the moral 
and religious training, by cultivated and experienced women. 

4. The training of young women in the duties of nursing. 
The managers of the Hospital then bought the house at 

9 Rutland Street and secured the services of Mrs. Adeline 
Tavlor as administrator of the "internal arrangements of the 
Hospital." She was a generous and kindly woman and re- 
mained with the Hospital until 1872. Since that time the 
office of superintendent has been filled by some member of 
the Protestant Episcopal Sisterhood of St. Margaret. The 
house in Rutland Street soon became inadequate for the needs 
of the Hospital and it was moved to 1429 Washington Street. 
In 1882 the large building on Huntington Avenue was opened 
and was used until 1915, when the Hospital moved to its pres- 
ent home on Longwood Avenue. 

The buildings on Longwood Avenue commemorate gifts 
to the Hospital. The wards are situated behind the main 
building and are designed with special reference to giving the 
patients the greatest possible benefits of fresh air and sunshine. 

51 



The Children's Hospital offers exceptional clinical facili- 
ties for the study of children's diseases. Last year over 
42,000 cases were treated in the Out-Patient Department, 
2331 in the Surgical wards and 3494 in the medical wards. 
The active and consulting staffs are composed of professors 
in the Harvard Medical School. Fifty doctors give all or 
part of their time to the Hospital. Clinics are given one or 
more times a week in all courses in pediactrics. Instruction 
in surgery and orthopedic surgery is given by members of the 
staffs. Advanced students in the Harvard Medical School 
act as clinical assistants in the wards and Out-Patient De- 
partment. 

There are special departments for the treatment of diseases 
of the nose and throat and for the treatment of diseases of 
the nervous system. In connection with the latter much work 
is done in the line of physical therapeutics. Instruction is also 
given in these special branches. A workshop in the Hospital 
supplies the vairous orthopedic appliances which are needed. 

In 1872 the Ladies' Aid Association was organized by 
Mrs. Robert C. Winthrop and Mrs. Chandler Robbins for 
the purpose of supplying the Hospital with linen, bedding, 
dressing, etc. This work still goes on. The Association also 
organized the Convalescent Home in 1874 and rented a small 
house, holding fifteen patients, in Wellesley Hills, In 1892 
friends of the institution donated a new building on an estate 
of thirty acres presented by Mr. Hollis Hunnewell. This 
building was destroyed by fire in 1903, fortunately without 
loss of life. Steps were immediately taken to rebuild the 
Home and in 1905 the present building was opened with a 
capacity of seventy patients. 

The beds are equally divided between medical and surgical 
cases. Every week patients are sent out from the city in a 
special electric car. The children are out of bed all day, and 
eat together in a common dining room. The Home has forty 
wheel chairs, so that each child may enjoy life out of doors 
even though unable to walk. Daily instruction by a Kinder- 
garten teacher helps to keep the children happy. One little 
Italian boy liked it so well that he ran away from his home 

52 



in the city to return to the Convalescent Home. The work 
is supervised by a trained nurse with an efficient corps of 
assistants, and as in the Hospital, treatment is kept up until 
the child is entirely well. 



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FREE HOSPITAL FOR WOMEN 

THE Free Hospital for Women was conceived and 
founded by the late Dr. William H. Baker, one time 
professor of gynecology in the Harvard Medical 
School. In 1875 the Hospital began very modestly at No. 16 
East Springfield Street, with a capacity of five patients. 
Through contributions from friends it soon became possible 
to treat fifteen patients. This taxed the capacity of the 
Hospital, so that new accommodations were necessary. In 
1877 the Hospital was removed to No. 60 East Springfield 
Street. Here the number of patients was increased to 
twenty. Two years later the Out-patient Department was 
opened. In order to accommodate all who applied for ad- 
mission it was soon necessary to make use of the adjoining 
house. About this time the adoption of asepsis in gynecol- 
ogical treatment gave a much larger field for service and 
the number of operations was greatly increased. It was 
largely due to the unusual ability and untiring efforts of 
Dr. Baker that the Hospital grew and prospered. He raised 
money and built the present hospital located in Brookline, 
on Pond Avenue, facing the Fenway. Here it is removed 
from the noise and confusion of the crowded districts of 
the city. Much wisdom and foresight were displayed in 
choosing this site as it was the custom to build public hos- 
pitals in the crowded section of the city. Also Dr. Baker 
contended for a teaching hospital; and in this his ideas have 
more than proved correct. As he pointed out, the good done 
to the patients is only a part of the beneficence of the insti- 
tution. The instruction and inspiration given to the medical 
student and young doctor multiplies many times the work 
of the Hospital. Some of the graduates have organized 
similar hospitals for women; others have become heads of 
gynecological departments in large hospitals. 

56 



The Hospital has three floors and is built of light colored 
brick. The accompanying cut shows the style of architec- 
ture and general appearance. Just across Glen Road, con- 
nected by a tunnel, is the laboratory building and the nurse's 
home. 

The clinical work of the Hospital is exclusively surgical. 
The capacity is sixty-three patients. Last year 716 operations 
were performed in the House ; 6,943 visits were made to the 
Out-patient Department. The visiting surgeon to the Hos- 
pital is professor of gynecology in the Harvard Medical 
School. Each fourth year student is required to attend 
twelve successive clinics. Any student especially interested 
may elect more work. This course of instruction is given 
in the Out-patient Department, where opportunity is offered 
the student to become proficient in this branch of medicine. 
Research work is carried on by members of the gynecological 
department. They have made valuable contributions to the 
literature. Fine ideals in service to patients and devotion 
to science have made the Free Hospital for Women pre- 
eminently successful. 



57 




INFANTS' HOSPITAL 



INFANTS' HOSPITAL 

THE Infants' Hospital began in 1878 as a Day Nursery 
at 18 Blossom Street. Dr. Henry Cecil Haven was 
the sponsor for this beginning. He and Dr. Thomas 
Morgan Rotch were pioneers in the study of infant diseases 
and in scientific methods of artificial infant feeding. The 
Hospital was incorporated January 19, 1881, under the title 
of the West End Nursery and Hospital for Infants. A short 
time prior to this an Out-patient Department had been es- 
tablished. 

In 1903, the Hospital was removed to its present home 
on Van Dyke Street, near the Harvard Medical School. The 
name was changed to the Infants' Hospital; the building is 
known as the Thomas Morgan Rotch, Jr., Memorial. The 
Out-patient Department and Nursery were discontinued in 
1913. 

Practically from the beginning it has been the rule of 
the Hospital to provide accommodations for children under 
two years of age. The second annual report gives the objects 
of the Hospital: 

1. "The cure of disease, or the alleviation of suffering 
in children under two years of age. 

2. "The prevention of suffering and disease by securing 
proper care to infants. 

3. "The teaching of mothers the proper care of infants, 
especially in regard to the proper method of artificial 
feeding." 

Today the Hospital also offers postgraduate training to 
nurses and conducts a training school for nursery maids. 
Public lectures are given on the care and feeding of infants. 

The Hospital is a three story, fire-proof building of white 
marble; the style of architecture corresponds to that of the 

59 



Harvard Medical School. The Hospital has a capacity of 
60 beds. Last year 306 patients were treated in the wards. 
There are eighteen doctors on the staff, practically all of 
whom are professors or instructors in the Harvard Medical 
School. Two house officers and fourteen nurses are in con- 
stant service. The clinics of the Hospital are used through- 
out the year for teaching purposes in the Harvard Medical 
School. Thus the Infants' Hospital serves a threefold pur- 
pose; first, it cares for sick babies; second, it is used as a 
teaching hospital; third, it trains mothers and nurses in the 
care of infants. 



60 



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THE BOSTON FLOATING HOSPITAL 

T"** HE Boston Floating Hospital began its beneficent 
-1» work in 1894. Mr. Rufus B. Tobey conceived the 
idea after talking with a former captain of the New 
York Floating Hospital. He thought that it would be a fine 
plan to take the sick babies, from the tenement district, out 
where the cool breezes always blow. With the aid of friends 
he was enabled to hire a barge. Volunteer nurses went 
along to help the mothers care for the sick children. From 
this modest beginning, which allowed but five trips a season, 
the project grew until one, then two trips a week were pos- 
sible. In 1897, the Hospital boat began making daily voy- 
ages. 

Each morning, during the summer, the Hospital boat 
leaves the wharf at North End Park to seek out the cool 
breezes down Boston Harbor. It returns in the evening so 
that mothers have an opportunity to see their babies. Pre- 
liminary to the admission of any child to a ward on the 
boat it is examined on the dock to ascertain the nature of 
its ailment. If a contagious disease is suspected the patient 
is not admitted. 

In 1906, the bequest of Mrs. Sarah Potter, together with 
other gifts, made possible the present splendid boat and 
equipment. The boat is a twin-screw steamboat, 171 feet 
long and 44 feet wide. The hold contains forecastle, and 
clothes sterilizing rooms ; engine rooms with pumps, dynamo, 
refrigerating plant, etc. The main deck has offices, food 
laboratory, pharmacy, clinical laboratory, and dining rooms 
for nurses and doctors. The Hospital Deck has one outdoor 
ward, five permanent wards, and other smaller rooms. The 
day patients' deck has ample space for beds and seating 
capacity for mothers. Also here are staterooms for doctors. 

The work of the Boston Floating Hospital is well organ- 
ized, thorough, and scientific. Twenty doctors are on the 

62 



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visiting staff and sixteen house physicians are in daily ser- 
vice. The seniors of the house physicians have had training 
in a general hospital. These doctors, together with seventy 
graduate nurses, give of their services to hundreds of sick 
babies every summer. 

Opportunities are offered for the study of infant diseases 
incident to the summer months. The Graduate Department 
of the Harvard Medical chool holds clinics on board. About 
seven medical assistants and two laboratory assistants are 
chosen from the advanced classes of medical schools. In 
addition to the regular laboratory work on board, a biological 
chemical laboratory has very recently been established on 
shore for the purpose of studying the effect of milk on the 
digestive tracts of young infants and other phases of infant 
nutrition. This laboratory, in conjunction with the bacteri- 
ological laboratory on board, offers opportunities for re- 
search. 

The services of the Hospital are preventive as well as 
remedial. For the mothers, or other relative, who bring 
their small charges to the boat, classes have been organized 
in which instruction and demonstration are given regarding 
the proper diet and sanitary measures necessary in the care 
of small children. In all of its work the Boston Floating 
Hospital co-operates freely with other charities. Its work 
is timely and much needed. 



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LONG ISLAND HOSPITAL 

THE Long Island Hospital is a part of the Infirmary 
Department of the City of Boston. The Hospital was 
organized along modern lines in 1895. At that time a 
regular medical and surgical staff were appointed. The Hos- 
pital is located on Long Island in Boston Harbor. The island 
is two miles long and about one- fourth mile wide. Practically 
all of the island is given over to the Hospital buildings and 
grounds. 

The Hospital is designed to care for chronic cases only. 
However, acute cases develop among the patients and other 
persons on the island. Thus there are both acute and chronic 
cases in the wards at all times. There is a great opportunity 
offered for the study of chronic disease and disease in its most 
distressing forms. In recent years with the establishment of 
a well-equipped pathological laboratory much progress has 
been made in the study and treatment of chronic cases. 

There are twenty doctors on the staff, a number of whom 
are instructors in the Harvard Medical School. From the 
beginning the staff of the Hospital has been in large measure 
made up of doctors from the School. There are eight house 
officers and sixty-two nurses in constant service. The capacity 
of the Hospital is 450 patients. Last year 3,025 medical cases 
and 211 surgical cases were treated in the wards; 6000 visits 
were made to the Out-Patient Department. Sections of the 
class in pathology at the Medical School make excursions to 
the Hospital. Also, clinics are held for the graduate depart- 
ment and sections in the course in medicine. 

The work of the Long Island Hospital is that of caring 
for practically all forms of chronic disease, except the insane, 
among the indigent class of the city. It is one of the many 
public institutions which Boston citizens support. Its work 
is necessary and of interest from both medical and social 
standpoints. 

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THE COLLIS P. HUNTINGTON MEMORIAL 

HOSPITAL 

T N 1899, the late Caroline Brewer Croft left the sum of 
-*- $100,000 in trust to be used in furthering the study of 
cancer. Two years later, this fund became available and 
the Cancer Commission of Harvard University was estab- 
lished by the President and Fellows of Harvard College. The 
disease was studied for a time in the laboratories of the 
Harvard Medical School. However, the Commission felt the 
need for the study of cancer in the human being. Accord- 
ingly, doctors and laymen were interested in a project to build 
a hospital for cancer patients. With the generous gift of 
Mrs. Collis P. Huntington, together with other available 
funds, the present well-equipped Hospital was made possible. 
Also, an Endowment Fund was created through other gifts. 
Thus was started a Hospital for the treatment and study of 
a long neglected disease. 

The great objects served by such a hospital as set forth 
in the first annual report of the Commission are : "First, a 
study of cases of human cancer by the same laboratory meth- 
ods as have been applied to the tumor problem in animals ; 
Second, the grouping of certain special cases of cancer to pro- 
cure more adequate material for investigation than is avail- 
able in the general hospitals; Third (but by no means least), 
a provision for the continuous attendance and nursing of in- 
curable cases of cancer, of whatever class of life, in the ter- 
minal stage of their disease when they can be but inadequately 
cared for elsewhere." 

The Hospital is located at the corner of Huntington Ave- 
nue and Van Dyke Street. The building is of three stories, 
built of brick, and trimmed with limestone. Although the 
Hospital is not large, four hundred fifty-nine patients were 

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treated in the Out-patient department, and fifty in the House 
during the past year. The capacity of the Hospital is twenty- 
five patients. Two house officers- and a resident physician are 
in constant service. Seven graduate nurses avail themselves 
of this opportunity to get special training in the care of 
cancer patients. 

The purpose of the Hospital is to find the cause of cancer 
and the best means of treating it. Extensive research is 
being carried on by the Commission. Just at this time radium 
and its effects on cancer is being carefully investigated. The 
Commission has not reported any positive cure for cancer, 
but some very striking results, in selected cases, have followed 
the use of radium. The Collis P. Huntington Memorial Hos- 
pital is doing a work which is of great interest and importance 
to every person in the land. 



70 



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BOSTON CONSUMPTIVES' HOSPITAL 

IN 1906 the Boston City Council created the Boston 
Consumptives' Hospital Department. This marked the 

beginning of one of the greatest public health campaigns 
that the City has ever undertaken. Provision has been made 
for the treatment of incipient cases of tuberculosis at the 
State Sanatorium at Rutland. The purpose of the Boston 
Consumptives' Hospital is to provide first class hospital treat- 
ment for advanced cases of tuberculosis. Providing hospital 
accommodations for this class of patients also serves to isolate 
those who are foci of infection. Also, it is the purpose of 
the Boston Consumptives' Hospital to correlate the work of 
the numerous anti-tuberculosis organizations already estab- 
lished. 

The Hospital is located on River Street, Mattapan, one of 
Boston's quiet suburbs. The estate comprises fifty-eight acres. 
The main buildings are the Administrative Building and three 
two-story, fire-proof wards of the pavillion type. Amid such 
surroundings rest and out-door life are provided. Also strict 
supervision of all patients is made possible. The capacity of 
the Hospital is 405 patients. 

The Out-patient Department is located on Dillaway Street, 
in the city proper. Patients are examined here and referred 
to the Hospital. Last year 12,381 visits were made to this 
Department. It is the aim of the Out-patient Department to 
keep track of every case of tuberculosis in the city and to see 
that those who cannot afford a private physician have hospital 
supervision. With the co-operation of the Board of Health, 
which is invested with police powers, it is possible to do 
something even in cases where the patient does not realize 
nor desire to better his condition. 

From the clinical standpoint, the Boston Consumptives' 
Hospital offers very good opportunities for the study of 

72 



tuberculosis. The public health methods used by the Hospital 
in its anti-tuberculosis campaigns are of especial interest to 
those interested in that work. The co-operation of the Board 
of Health, and other organizations, helps immensely in the 
work of the Hospital. The care of 3800 patients in their 
homes by district nurses is no small part of the work. Last 
year 652 new cases were treated in the various wards. 
Twenty-two doctors are on the medical staff. A number of 
the staff are instructors in the Harvard Medical School. 
Sections of the class in the pathology course are assigned at 
intervals to assist in the mortuary. The Hospital is open 
at all times to interested physicians and medical students. 



73 




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PSYCHOPATHIC HOSPITAL 

THE Psychopathic Hospital was authorized in 1909 by 
the Legislature of Massachusetts and opened for 
patients in 1912. The buildings and equipment cost 
$600,000; it receives an annual appropriation of $110,000. 
It is an integral part of the State Hospital system for the 
care of persons ill with mental disease; but its scope goes 
beyond mental disease in the narrow sense and includes all 
the problems of mental hygiene which it attacks with the 
approved methods of out-patient examination, social service 
investigation, family studies of syphilis, after-care of alco- 
holics and the like. 

The Hospital is equipped with modern appliances for the 
treatment of medical and mental conditions and it acts to 
some extent as a receiving station for other parts of the 
State Hospital system. However, its province is largely dis- 
tinct from the treatment of obviously committable cases. It 
deals with acute, special, difficult and dubious cases, admit- 
ting by special dispensation cases from the State at large, 
as well as from the Metropolitan district, but admitting no 
cases from outside the State. No special provision for pri- 
vate patients is made, although not a few resort to the hospital 
on account of its modern appliances and extensive staff. 

The work of the Hospital involves many public problems 
from the schools, the adult and juvenile courts, the Immigra- 
tion Bureau, the Industrial Accident Board and the like. The 
relief agencies and the hospitals contribute numerous cases, 
particularly of the slightly sub-normal group of socially de- 
fective persons. 

The receptive attitude of the Hospital toward the public 
may be expressed by one of its mottoes : "THE PSYCHO- 
PATHIC HOSPITAL: FOR THE INDIVIDUAL." As 
a consequence, a large number of voluntary patients (over 

75 



400 a year) present themselves for admission to the wards. 
This insures the early care of numerous incipient cases. 
Over one-third of the first 5000 discharges were "not insane" 
in the sense of "committable." 

The Hospital is a four-story, brick building of simple 
architecture, suggesting a school house, with a pavilion and 
roof garden, and stands at the corner of Fen wood Road and 
Brookline Avenue. The capacity is 110 beds, permitting 
operation at about 100. 

During the year ending November 30, 1915, there were 
2001 admissions, making a daily average of 5, the majority 
of which belong in the "temporary care" group, admitted 
under Massachusetts laws which are unique in this country. 
The Out-patient department admits about 1500, new cases a 
year, only a quarter of which are referred to the house. 

The Hospital was frankly intended by the State authori- 
ties to be an institution for investigation and post-graduate 
teaching of the State Hospital physicians, as well as a center 
for under-graduate teaching in the various medical schools, 
which have availed themselves extensively of the opportuni- 
ties. The Massachusetts Commission on Mental Diseases 
employs a number of special officers on special investigations, 
using the wards and laboratories of the hospital as a central 
research institute. Chemical, physiological, histological, psy- 
chological, clinical and other investigations are at all times in 
progress. - 



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PETER BENT BRIGHAM HOSPITAL 

AMONG the hospitals of Boston and vicinity, is one which 
can boast little in point of age, but which, because of its 
rapid development and efficiency, is winning for itself 
recognition among the best institutions of its kind. The 
Peter Bent Brigham Hospital admitted its first patient Janu- 
ary 27, 1913. This event marked the culmination of years of 
planning and waiting on the part of a group of individuals. 

It adds no little to the interest one feels in the present 
institution to know something of its beginning and the source 
of its endowment. The history of the Hospital begins with 
the gift of its founder, Peter Bent Brigham, who was a native 
of Vermont, and died in Boston, May 24, 1877. By the pro- 
vision of his will, a fortune of $1,300,000. was left by Mr. 
Brigham to accumulate for a period of twenty-five years from 
his death. It was then to be used "in the founding of a 
hospital for the care of sick persons in indigent circumstances, 
residing in the county of Suffolk." In the hands of efficient 
executors the estate rapidly grew until today we have this 
fine hospital, costing $1,250,000, with a fund for its mainte- 
nance of about $5,0,00,000. The Hospital was incorporated 
in 1902 and its buildings completed in 1913. 

The Hospital occupies land which was originally a part 
of the Harvard Medical School grounds. This proximity to 
the Medical School is a distinct advantage, as many lines of 
research are carried on by co-operation of the two insti- 
tutions. The Hospital is very closely affiliated with the 
Medical School. For example, the heads of the medical and 
surgical departments of the Hospital occupy at the same time 
the chairs of medicine and surgery in the Harvard Medical 
School. To quote from Dr. William H. Welch of Baltimore : 
The Peter Bent Brigham Hospital has thus "contributed to 
the solution of one of the most urgent problems of medical 

78 



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education today. The progress which has been made in this 
direction during the last twenty-five or thirty years is most 
gratifying, and a pioneer in this forward movement has been 
the Harvard Medical School." 

The capacity of the Hospital is 225 beds. Last year 1734 
cases were treated in the medical wards'; 1683 in the surgical 
wards; and 36,523 visits were made to the Out-Door De- 
partment. There are 11 doctors on the staff, all of whom 
give their full time throughout the year. The Peter Bent 
Brigham Hospital is the first hospital to adopt this plan. 
There are 9 resident physicians and 17 house officers are in 
continuous service. Students from the advanced classes of the 
Harvard Medical School act as clinical assistants in the wards 
and the Out-Door Department. 

The Peter Bent Brigham Hospital is a general hospital, 
which has both medical and surgical services. The operative 
work covers practically the entire field of surgery. Having 
no precedents to break, the Hospital is free to adopt new 
policies. It has already proved its usefulness to the com- 
munity and to the medical world. 



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THE ROBERT B. BRIGHAM HOSPITAL 

A LTHOUGH numbered among the newest institutions for 
-**■ the care of the sick in Boston, the Robert B. Brigham 
Hospital renders a unique service to its patients and to 
the medical world. When Mr. Robert B. Brigham died, in 
1901, he left the bulk of his estate to found a hospital for 
residents of Boston who were afflicted with chronic or incur- 
able diseases. In 1909, his sister, Miss Elizabeth Brigham, 
died and left her fortune to be used in connection with that of 
her brother's. The combined fortunes were wisely invested 
so that the Hospital was built from the income. Its cost 
was $500,000 and it has an endowment of $1,500,000. The 
first patient was admitted in 1914. 

The Hospital receives for patients those afflicted with 
chronic or incurable diseases, who are without means of sup- 
port. No matter how seemingly hopeless the condition may 
be, the case is received and studied most carefully, with the 
idea not only of endeavoring to help the individual, but to find 
out more of the nature of the disease so that the control of 
such diseases may be made possible. The patients are also 
enlisted in helping themselves. Some are taught new trades 
which do not require strenuous effort. The idea is to make 
the most out of what powers remain. Each patient is thor- 
oughly studied to see what can be done to utilize their potential 
forces. This attitude toward the patient, along with thera- 
peutic measures, changes some "helpless" cases to a state of 
efficiency, both physically and socially. 

The Hospital is located on the summit of Parker Hill 
where it has a commanding view of the City of Boston, the 
Harbor, and surrounding country. It is but a short distance 
from the Harvard Medical School and the group of hospitals 
near by. There are 21 doctors on the staff and three house 
officers are in constant service. The capacity is 150 beds; 

85 



last year there were 125 cases treated in the wards. Members 
of the staff engage in research, using the clinical material in 
the Hospital as a basis of investigation. Medical students 
have opportunity to become familiar with types of disease and 
to acquire experience in various phases of clinical work. The 
use of the Hospital as a teaching center gives a stimulus for 
maintaining high standards in every department. The good 
work of the Robert B. Brigham Hospital thus far shows that 
its founders and staff have built on correct principles. 



86 




BOSTON MEDICAL LIBRARY 



THE BOSTON MEDICAL LIBRARY 

ALTHOUGH not strictly numbered among the clinical 
opportunities of Boston, the Boston Medical Library 
offers much of interest and value to the practitioner and 
student of medicine. It was organized August 20, 1875 and 
incorporated in 1877. The first president was Dr. Oliver 
Wendell Holmes. 

The first location was at No. 5 Hamilton Place. Later it 
was removed to 19 Boylston Place. In 1901 the present 
splendid building was erected at No. 8 The Fenway. The 
Library not only contains book rooms, but also several halls 
which are used by the various medical societies of Boston. 

In 1876 the Library contained 4,488 volumes. Since that 
time there has been a constant increase in the number of books 
and periodicals. At the present time the Library contains 
85,963 volumes and 58,045 pamphlets. The Library also 
receives 640, periodicals, including French, German, and other 
foreign languages. Practically all of the various medical 
societies of Boston have deposited their medical collections 
with the Library. Thus it has become the center for medical 
literature in Greater Boston. 

The Library owns a large collection of paintings and the 
finest collection of medical medals in the world. Among the 
paintings may be mentioned : Samuel Dan forth, by Stuart ; 
Oliver Wendell Holmes, by Billings ; Henry J. Bigelow, J. B. 
S. Jackson, D. Humphreys Storer, Thomas B. Curtis, all by 
Vinton. One of the most interesting paintings is "The First 
Operation under Ether at the Massachusetts General Hospital, 
1846." This is 10x8 feet. It was painted by Robert 
Hinckley of Washington. 

The admission of readers, who are not members is very 
liberal. Physicians, medical students, and any others who 
need medical literature are welcome during library hours 
(9.30 a. m. to 10.00 p. m. daily, except Saturday, Sundays 
and holidays; Saturdays until 6.00 p. m.). 



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BIBLIOGRAPHY 

'Official Register of Harvard University," 1910, 1911, 1915. 
"The Harvard Medical School," H. C. Ernst, M. D. 
"History of the Harvard Medical School," Thomas Francis Harrington, 

M. D. 
"The Warren Anatomical Museum," William F. Whitney, M. D. 
"Alumni Bulletin," February, 1915. 

"Historical Sketch of Boston City Hospital," John Bapst Blake, M. D. 
"Official Report of Boston City Hospital," 1915. 
"22nd Annual Report of the Boston Floating Hospital," 1915. 
"The Boston Lying-in Hospital, Its Past, Present and Future," J. Collins 

Warren, M. D. 
"Annual Report Boston Lying-in Hospital," 1915. 
"Medical and Surgical Report of the Children's Hospital," 1869-1894. 
"Annual Report of the Children's Hospital," 1915. 
"20th and 40th Annual Reports of the Free Hospital for Women." 
"Annual Reports of the House of the Good Samaritan," 1911, 1915. 
"First, Second and Third Annual Reports of the Cancer Commission of 

Harvard University," 1912-13-14. 
"Report of a Meeting of the Cancer Commission of Harvard University." 
"Boston Transcript," December 17, 1910. (Article on Huntington Memo- 
rial Hospital.) 
Complete File of the "Annual Reports of the Infants' Hospital." 
"Annual Report of the Long Island Hospital," 1915. 
Complete File of "Annual Reports of the Massachusetts Charitable Eye 

and Ear Infirmary." 
"History of the Massachusetts General Hospital," 1811-1851. N. I. 

Bowditch. 
"Annual Report of the Massachusetts General Hospital," 1915. 
"Annual Report of the McLean Hospital," 1915. 

"First Annual Report of the Peter Bent Brigham Hospital," 1913-14. 
"Annual Report of the Psychopathic Department of the Boston State 

Hospital," 1915. 
"The Boston Medical Library, Its Past, Present and Future," James F. 

Ballad. 
"Fortieth Annual Report of the Boston Medical Library," 1915. 



90 



ADVERTISING SECTION 



E STABLISHED 1865 





JM 



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UP TOWN 

Steinert's Hall 

162 Boylston St. 



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35 Arch St. 



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PIANOS AT STEINERT'S 

HE greatest variety of styles, widest range of 
prices, highest standards of quality and low 
fair prices. There is a reason why we sell more 
pianos than any other house in New England. 

Steinway Pianos Jewett Pianos 

Woodbury Pianos 

The Famous Pianola Player Pianos 
VICTROLAS, $15 to $400 

and a very large stock 
of Victor Records. 
Try the Victor service 
at Steinert's if you want 
real satisfaction. 

M. Steinert & Sons Co. 



l62 BOYLSTON ST., BOSTON 



92 



Telephone, Back Bay 2316-2317-2318-2319 



J. W. MAGUIRE COMPANY 

Agents for Eastern Mass., Worcester County 
and New Hampshire 

Pierce Arrow 
Motor Cars and Trucks 



741-743-745 BOYLSTON STREET 

BOSTON 



MESSRS. HYNSON, WESTCOTT & DUNNING 

OF BALTIMORE 

(Formerly HYNSON, WESTCOTT & COMPANY) 
Present their compliments and congratulations to the Alumni and friends of the 

HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL 
and beg consideration of the following list of unique therapeutic products and standard 
diagnostic agents and appliances: 

BULGARA TABLETS PHENOLSULPHONEPHTHALEIN 

GLYCOTAURO UREASE-DUNNING 

ENTERIC GLYCOTAURO DUNNING COLORIMETER 

LUTEIN TABLETS KEIDEL BLEEDING TUBE 

Acidosis Testing Outfits 

ALKALI RESERVE OF BLOOD AND ALVEOLAR AIR C0 2 TENSION 

(COMBINATION SET) 

ALVEOLAR AIR C0 2 TENSION 

HYDROGEN -ION CONCENTRATION 

Literature Upon Request 

HYNSON, WESTCOTT & DUNNING 

BALTIMORE MARYLAND 



E. F. Mahady Company 

Surgical and Scientific Instruments 
Hospital and Invalid Supplies 

MANUFACTURERS OF 
STERILE LIGATURES AND DRESSINGS 



MICROSCOPES LABORATORY SUPPLIES HOSPITAL FURNITURE 

MEDICAL BOOKS NURSES SUPPLIES SURGICAL INSTRUMENTS 

BRANCH STORE AT HARVARD DRUG CO. 
644 Huntington Ave., near Harvard Medical School 

"The, Quality -Service Store" 
671 Boyslton Street 

NEAR COPLEY SQUARE 

Boston, - Massachusetts 

94 



GALACTENZYME 

ABBOTT 

IS A VIRILE CULTURE OF THE TRUE 

BULGARIAN BACILLUS 




It is of value in the treatment of intestinal diseases and diarrheas. 
Try it in Infantile Gastroenteritis, Bacillary Diarrhea. Intestinal Fer- 
mentation, Urticaria, Diabetes, and in other conditions of possibly 
intestinal origin. 

Galactenzyme Bouillon is a local remedy of demonstrated merit in 
various mucous-membrane infections. 

Most Druggists are stocked. When prescribing specify ABBOTT'S. 



SAMPLES AND LITERATURE ON REQUEST 



Therapeutic Price List with 100 pages of Clinical Suggestions 
on application 

THE ABBOTT LABORATORIES 



CHICAGO 



NEW YORK 



SEATTLE SAN FRANCISCO LOS ANGELES 

TORONTO BOMBAY 




Rauscli [oml> 

Microscopes 



Price, Fully Equipped, $67.50 



MICROSCOPE FFS 8 is one of the leading 
physicians models. The optics are very high 
grade in quality. It has side fine adjustment with 
heads on the sides of the arm, in line with the 
coarse adjustment heads. The long curved arm 
leaves the stage entirely free for manipulation of 
the slide. The rounded edges make for ease of 
handling and freedom from dust. The black 
crystal finish is handsome and much more 
durable than the smooth lacquer. 

Write For Circular 

Bausch & |pmb Optical (p. 

NEW YORK WASHINGTON CHICACO SAN FRANCISCO 

london riOCHESTEH.N.Y. rRANKroilT 



95 



MELLHSTS FOOD 

In every step in the manufacture of Mellin's Food 
there is constantly in view the ultimate object of making 
a product of definite composition 

to Accomplish a Definite Purpose. 

This purpose is to furnish certain food elements 
which, when added to cow's milk, make it a suitable 
food for an infant. The food elements in Mellin's 
Food — carbohydrates (maltose and dextrins), proteins 
and salts —when dissolved in water and added to cow's 
milk so change the balance of nutrition in cow's milk 
that the resulting modification presents fat, proteins, 
carbohydrates and salts in the proportion needed 

for the Development of Infantile Life. 

The success of Mellin's Food, therefore, depends 
not upon any one of the food elements of which it is 
made up, but upon the definite composition of "Mellin's 
Food as a whole" as a means to enable the physician 
to modify cow's milk to meet the requirements of infant 
feeding 

in a Scientific, Rational and Efficient 

Manner. 

MELLIN'S FOOD COMPANY, BOSTON, MASS. 



96 



GAIL BORDEN EAGLE BRAND 




CONDENSED MILK 

A Successful Food Giving Uniformly 
Successful Results 



Sixty Years the Leader 

Samples, Analysis, Feeding Charts, and 
52 Page Book Baby's Welfare 

will be mailed upon receipt of professional card. 

BORDEN'S CONDENSED MILK CO. 

108 HUDSON ST., N. Y. 

ANTISEPTIC ANODYNE PROPHYLACTIC 

The risk from Mouth, Throat and Bronchial affections is minimized by the use of 

HEX-IODIN 

(HEXAMETKYLENETETRAMINE and I0DUM) 

LOZENGES 

U^ED AS A PREVENTATIVE AS WELL AS A REMEDY 
STOCKED BY DRUGGISTS IN BOTTLES OF FIFTY LOZENGES 

From Laboratory of 

DAGGETT & MILLER COMPANY, Inc. 

Specialists in Quality Pharmaceuticals 

PROVIDENCE RHODE ISLAND 

Walker- Gordon Laboratory Co. 

Percentage, Clinical and Lactic Acid Milks 

Standardized Products plus Service 

Express Shipments to all points 

1106 Boylston Street, Boston, Mass. 

NEW YORK. PHILADELPHIA, BALTIMORE, WASHINGTON, CLEVELAND 
DETROIT, ST. LOUIS, ATLANTIC CITY, TRENTON 

97 



Established 1812 THE BOSTO A $5.00 per annum 

MEDICAL & SURGICAL JOURNAL 

offers many exclusive features especially attractive to 

Harvard Medical Men 

Seventy per cent of the alumni are now subscribers. 
Your friends read it and Write For It. You will enjoy their papers. 

Ernest Gregory, Manager. 126 Massachusetts Ave., Boston 

The Oldest Medical Weekly in America. 



POMEROY COMPANY 

Make SURGICAL APPLIANCES and sell them at retail only. This means 
that your prescriptions for Trusses, Elastic Stockings, Corsets, Support- 
ing Belts, Braces and Artificial Limbs will be filled accurately and 
promptly, and that the Quality and Fit of these appliances will be subject 
to your approval. 

41 West Street Boston 

Clip this notice or mention this publication and mail it to 
50 State Street, Boston and you will receive 

FREE 

A two month's subscription (8 issues) to the 

HARVARD ALUMNI BULLETIN 

"It is much to be wished that every living graduate of Harvard Uuiversity should 
subscribe to the Bulletin." — Charles W. Eliot. 

Name . Address .. 



INTERNATIONAL CENTRIFUGES 

are the familiar laboratory tools to the workers in the various departments of the 
Harvard Medical School. BLOOR NEPHELOMETER PARTS for the 
DUBOSCQ COLORIMETER originated in the Harvard Medical School. 
FOLIN MODIFICATION of KJELDAHL APPARATUS is widely known. 

ALCOHOL RECOVERY STILLS. BOTTLE SHAKING MACHINES, Etc. 

INTERNATIONAL EQUIPMENT CO. 

352 Western Avenue Boston, Mass. 

9& 




Hotel Lenox 

(Convenient to Back Bay Stations) 

BOSTON 



One of your College 
Clubs — your other 
home. 



L. C. Prior, Managing Director 



Copley- Plaza Haberdasher 



HIGH GRAVE FURNISHINGS 



OPPOSITE PUBLIC LIBRARY 



16 HUNTINGTON AVENUE 

BOSTON. MASS. 



CAFE MINERVA 

216 HUNTINGTON AVE. BOSTON 

OPPOSITE CHRISTIAN SCIENCE GARDENS 

Telephone B. B. 3398 




ALSO 

SAVOY and IRVINGTON CAFES 

HARRY C DEMETER. Prop. 



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Excellent Food and Service 



99 



Artistic Surroundings 



VIM 



v iv 1 

REGISTERED 

MICROMETER SYRINGE 

1 C.c. 

for all cases where absolute accuracy of dosage is required. 
The present tendency toward concentrated solutions makes 
an instrument of precision vitally essential to the modern 
practitioner. The VIM Micrometer syringe can easily be read 
to one-hundredth of a cubic centimeter. Indispensable in 
tuberculin work. 

VIM all glass syringes are made of annealed glass, ground 
perfectly. They will withstand boiling water; are air-tight in 
action. VIM syringe graduations are not "approximately 
correct" but are guaranteed absolutely accurate. 

MacGregor Instrument Co. 

Roslindale Boston, Mass. 

REBMAN COMPANY 

141 West 36th St. <b New York 



Gold Medal awarded by XVII ^||)) Bronze Medal awarded by 

International Congress of Medicine -*> ffl) ^ Panama- Pacific International Ex- 
held in London, England, in 1913 %J g T position, San Francisco, 1915 

KRAUSE-HEYMANN-EHRENFRIED— Surgical Operations. Now ready, 
Vol. I, $6.00, 267 pages 294 Illustrations. Vol. II, $7.00, nearly 500 pages 
and over 400 Illustrations. Now in the Press. 

BARDELEBEN— Applied Anatomy, $8.00 

SCHLEIP — Hematological Atlas with a Description of the Technic of Blood Ex- 
amination, $5.00 

STRONG (Tuft Medical College)— Modern Electro-Therapeutics, $1.00 

STRONG (Tuft Medical College)— High Frequency Currents, $3.00 

KRAUSE (Rudolf)— Textbook of Histology, $2.50 

KRAUSE (Rudolf) - Course in Normal Histology, 2 Vols. 238 Illustrations, $6.25 

ROEMER - Textbook of Ophthalmology, many Illustrations, $5.00 

BING — Reginol Diagnosis in Nervous Diseases, $2.50 

BING Textbook of Nervous Diseases, $5.00 

KINGSBURY— Dermochromes, 3 Volumes, $27.00 

Descriptive circulars and catalogs will be sent prepaid upon application 

100 



PURE SOLUBLE PROTEINS 
FOR ANAPHYLACTIC REACTIONS 

We are now preparing PURE SOLUBLE PROTEINS 
for cutaneous tests in cases of food allergy, thereby enabling 
the physician to apply this distinctly modern diagnostic method 
in his practice. 

Circular on Allergy or Food Idiosyncrasy, including the - 
Symptomatology, Diagnosis and Treatment will be sent on 
request. Also descriptive list of proteins and prices. 

No samples. 

THE ARLINGTON CHEMICAL COMPANY 

YONKERS, N. Y. 



■mi mi- 



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I HOTEL CUMBERLAND 

s 

jm»^ M V A BROADWAY 

1 stmlm^ New York at 54 th st. 

Broadway cars from Grand Central Depot 
7th Avenue Cars from Pennsylvania Station 

NEW and FIREPROOF 




Strictly First-Class 

Rooms v 
Adjoining 



Rates Reasonable 



Rooms with $ 1 Crk ur . 

Bath LOU up 



Rooms wit 
Private Bat 



1 *2.00 up 

Suites *4.00 up 

Ten minutes walk to 40 theatres 

Sen d for Booklet 

HARRY P. STIMSON 



Only New York Hotel Window-Screened Throughout 
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Formerly of Boston 



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